States of matter class 11 notes chemistry mycbseguide. Chapter 11 intermolecular forces, liquids and solids. Physical properties of substances are understood in terms of kineticmolecular theory. At stp, fluorine is a gas and bromine is a liquid because, compared to fluorine, bromine has. This is because as the number of carbons increases, the chains get longer. Dipoledipole forces london dispersion forces fect fect or induced induced ff ff chemical bonding intermolecular forces hydrogen bonding many molecules are electric dipoles, that. In addition to the covalent bonds that exist between atoms in a molecule h. The attractive forces are stronger for ionic substances than for molecular ones the intermolecular forces of the remaining substances depend on. Depending on its strength, intermolecular forces cause the forming of three physical states. Intermolecular forces are mainly responsible for the physical characteristics of the substance. They are responsible among other things for whether a compound is a liquid, solid, or gas at room temperature.
A solute will only dissolve if the solutesolvent forces it will gain from being dissolved are stronger than the forces between solutesolute and the forces between solventsolvent. Liquids boil when the molecules have enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular attractive forces that hold them together, thereby forming bubbles of vapor within the liquid. If youre having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, wed love to hear from you. Intermolecular forces as the number of carbons increases in a series of fatty acids the melting point increases. Identify the various types of intramolecular forces. Chapter 11 lecture for ap chemistry on intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids. Identify the various types of intermolecular forces in a given compound.
Mar 16, 2018 cbse chemistry chapter 5 states of matter class 11 notes chemistry in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. Forces also exist between the molecules themselves and these are collectively referred to as intermolecular forces. Ap chemistry notes 151 intermolecular forces intermolecular forces in addition to the covalent bonds that exist between atoms in a molecule h 2 o for instance, there are also weak attractions between the molecules themselves. Imfs are the various forces of attraction that may exist between the atoms and molecules of a substance due to electrostatic phenomena, as will be detailed in this module.
A liquid has a fixed volume, flows to assume the shape of its container and is only slightly compressible. And stronger imfs overall, since london forces are the only types of forces they have. The first one is called london forces, also known as dispersion forces the second one is dipoledipole interaction and finally, the third one is hydrogen bonding. This is the force that holds atoms together within a molecule aka intramolecular force. Intermolecular forces list the substances bacl 2, h 2, co, hf, and ne in order of increasing boiling points. Intermolecular forces are the forces that act between molecules the type of intermolecular force in a. If the bonds are stronger in the solutesolvent forces, the substances will gain stability with the bonds achieved by dissolving and will readily dissolve. These forces arise from unequal distribution of the electrons in the molecule and the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged portions of molecules. Cbse chemistry chapter 5 states of matter class 11 notes chemistry in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. O for instance, there are also weak attractions between the molecules themselves. Define, compare, and contrast the terms specific heat, heat of fusion, and heat of vaporization. If the bonds are stronger in the solutesolvent forces, the substances will gain stability with the. The intermolecular force is the sum of all the forces between two neighboring molecules. We briefly visited the imfs earlier when discussing the nonideal behavior of gases.
Alevel chemistry revision science section on intermolecular forces. Liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces section 10 of general chemistry notes is 18 pages in length page 101 through page 1018 and covers all youll need to know on the following lecturetextbook topics section 10 liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces 101 three states of matter. London forces occur between all molecular substances and noble gases. Hydrogen bonding, dipole induced dipole, induced dipoleinduced dipole a. At the surface some molecules of a liquid have enough kinetic energy to break their attractive forces with neighboring molecules. Our notes are easytofollow, handwritten chemistry pdf notes that combine your book and chemistry notes into one, simple, easytounderstand format. The easiest kind to understand are permanent dipolepermanent dipole interactions.
When the chains are longer, the molecules are bigger. Ial intermolecular forces notes igcse and ial chemistry. May 14, 2019 apr 01, 2020 intermolecular forces class 11 notes edurev is made by best teachers of jee. May 18, 2017 intermolecular forces vs thermal energy 1 intermolecular forces are the forces of interaction between the molecules of that substance which try to bring the molecule closer. The particles making up solids and liquids are held together. These include dipoledipole forces, hydrogen bonding and london dispersion forces.
Liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces section 10 of general chemistry notes is 18 pages in length page 101 through page 1018 and covers all youll need to know on the following lecturetextbook topics. Please practice handwashing and social distancing, and check out our resources for adapting to these times. Learners also confuse intramolecular forces bonds with intermolecular forces, so lots of practice is needed to describe the forces present in any substance. Apr 01, 2020 intermolecular forces class 11 notes edurev is made by best teachers of jee. Overview of intermolecular forces chemistry libretexts. The larger the molecule, the greater the dispersion forces. Three types of forces three types of forces exist between molecules intermolecular they are. The forces result from the actions of the kinetic energy of atoms and the slight positive and negative electrical charges on different parts of a molecule that affect its neighbors and any solute that may be present. This page contains materials for the session on intermolecular forces. The forces that hold one molecule to another molecule are referred to as intermolecular forces imfs. Intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids lecture outline 11.
Intermolecular forces are weak attractive forces between molecules. The phase in which a substance exists depends on the relative extents of its intermolecular forces imfs and the kinetic energies ke of its molecules. Intermolecular forces are the forces that attract molecules or particles to like or unlike molecules or particles. A gas expands to fill its container, has neither a fixed volume nor shape, and is easily compressible. Typically, these forces between molecules form much weaker bonds than those bonds that form compounds. Intermolecular forces forces of attraction and repulsion between molecules that hold molecules, ions, and atoms together.
The london forces also known as dispersion forces or instantaneous dipoleinduced dipole forces identify all those forces due to instant multipoles. The properties of chemical systems are strongly affected by the forces that act between molecules in these systems. Solids, liquids, and gases chapter 5 educational goals 1. Polar and nonpolar covalent bonds are examples of bonds. We have both general chemistry notes and organic chemistry notes. The debye forces are intermolecular forces resulting from the interaction of a permanent dipole and an induced dipole. Intermolecular forces permanent dipoledipole forces permanent dipoledipole forces occurs between polar molecules it is stronger than london forces and so the compounds have higher boiling points polar molecules have a.
The physical properties of melting point, boiling point, vapor pressure, evaporation, viscosity, surface tension, and solubility are related to the strength of attractive forces. Intermolecular forces textbook ch 11 imf notes were posted 1st quarter so. Intermolecular forces are responsible for the condensed states of matter. Because in the solid and liquid states particles are. Intermolecular forces imfs influence various properties of liquids. The more polar the molecule, the higher its boiling point. The best app for cbse students now provides states of matter class 11 notes chemistry latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of cbse exams and school based annual examinations. This document is highly rated by jee students and has been viewed 722 times. Intermolecular forces between covalent molecules hydrogen bonds intermolecular forces and ionic compounds. Intermolecular forces chemistry notes, liquids and solids. Chapter 11 intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids.
London forces are the weakest whereas the hydrogen bonding is the strongest intermolecular force. It features a 1hour lecture video, and also presents the prerequisites, learning objectives, reading assignment, lecture slides, homework with solutions, and resources for further study. The first brought things together while the second caused them to part. Chemistry notes download handwritten pdf chemistry notes. Which are stronger intermolecular forces or intramolecular forces. Chemistry notes liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces. Link types of intermolecular forces to properties of a compound. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Imfs are the various forces of attraction that may exist between the atoms and molecules of a substance due to electrostatic phenomena, as.
Intermolecular forces are the forces that act between molecules the type of intermolecular force in a substance, will depend on the nature of the molecules. Intermolecular forces are forces between molecules. The attractive forces are stronger for ionic substances than for molecular ones the intermolecular forces of the remaining substances depend on molecular weight, polarity, and hydrogen bonding. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. What is the relationship between boiling point, melting point and intermolecular forces 3.
These govern the physical properties such as boiling point, melting point, solubility in solvents and viscosity. Note the high critical temperature and critical pressure. If the molecules have similar molar masses and similar types of intermolecular forces, look for the one that is the most polar or that has the most. Know the equations that involve these concepts and be able to use them in calculations. Intermolecular forces determine bulk properties such as the melting points of solids and the boiling points of liquids.
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